NDT Technology

NDT Technology

Non-Destructive Evaluation of High Chromium Cast Iron ‎Mill Balls with Eddy Current Test

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Mojtaba Javahery 1
Majid Abbasi 2
Seyed Mohammad Ali Boutorabi 3
Nima Azizi 4
1 Babol Noshirvani University of Technology
2 Associate Professor, Materials Engineering Department, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology
3 Professor, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology
4 MSc. in Materials Engineering, Iran University of Industries and Mines, Tehran, Iran‎
Abstract
In this paper, the eddy current nondestructive testing method was presented to evaluate the residual ‎austenite in the microstructure and hardness of high chromium cast iron mill balls. For this purpose, some ‎‎40 mm high alloy cast iron balls with 30 wt.% Cr and 3 wt.% C nominal composition were selected after ‎sand casting process. To achieve the different hardness and different residual austenite contents in the ‎microstructure, the balls were heat treated at different austenitzing and tempering temperatures. The ‎microstructural studies using by optical and scanning electron microscopies, XRD and Vickers hardness ‎were performed on the samples. Then, the microstructures of the samples were evaluated using an eddy ‎current device at 50 to 200 kHz frequencies. The result showed that, using the eddy current method, ‎different microstructures of the balls with different values of residual austenite and hardness can be ‎identified and separated, rapidly and nondestructively. To the purpose, the eddy current inspection at 150 ‎kHz frequency is selected using the impedance index as a non-destructive evaluation method. This index ‎decreases with increasing residual austenite content.‎
Keywords
Non-Destructive Evaluation
Eddy current
High Chromium Cast Iron
Mill Balls
Residual Austenite
[1] Tabrett, C. P., Sare, I. R., (1997). The Effect of Heat Treatment on the Abrasion Resistance of Alloy White Irons. Wear, 203-204, pp. 206-219.
[2] Fusheng, H., Shouguo, S., (2002). Study on the Structure and Properties of a Novel Mini-Sized High Cr Mill Balls. Wear, 253, pp. 640–649.
[3] Turnee, F., LavalliI, J., Masounave., (1989). Matrix Microstructure Effect on the Abrasion Wear Resistance of High-Chromium White Cast Iron. J. Mater. Sci., 24, pp. 3021-3028.
[4] Dogan, O. N., Hawk, J. A., Larid, G., (1997) Solidification Structure and Abrasion Resistance of High Chromium White Irons. Metall. Mater. Trans. A., 28, pp. 1315-1328.
[5] J. Shull, P.; (2002) Nondestructive Evaluation Theory, Techniques and Applications, 2ed ed, Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 261-280.
[6] Hellier, C. J., (2003). Handbook of nondestructive evaluation, 2ed ed McGraw-Hill Companies, New York, pp. 417-430.
[7] International Atomic Energy Agency. (2011) Eddy Current Testing at Level 2, Vienna International Centre, Austria, pp. 89-100.
[8] خودسیانی، رضا.؛ (1382) آزمون‌های غیرمخرب، شرکت ملی گاز ایران، ص. 521-530.
[9] ASM Committee, (1989) ASM Handbook (Nondestructive Evaluation and Quality Control Vol 17), 9th ed, ASM International.
[10] جواهری، م.؛ عباسی، م.؛ شامقلی م.؛ ریاضی، س. م.؛ (1394) کنترل کیفیت غیرمخرب قطعات کربونیتروره شده با آزمون جریان گردابی: مطالعه موردی ارزیابی سختی قطعه پیستونی روی فنر سوپاپ. سومین کنفرانس بین المللی آزمون‎های غیرمخرب ایران، تهران، هتل المپیک.
[11] Camerini, C., Sacramento, R., Areiza, M. C., Rocha, A., Santos, R., Rebello, J. M., Pereira, G., (2015) Eddy current techniques for super duplex stainless steel characterization. J. Magnetism. Magnetic. Mater, 388, pp. 96–100.
[12] Kashefi M., Kahrobaee, S., (2013) Determination of Presence of Undesirable Carbides at Surface of Cast Iron Parts Using Differential Eddy Current Technique. Mater. Sci. Tech., 29, pp. 990-994.
[13] Konoplyuk, S., (2010) Estimation of Pearlite Fraction in Ductile Cast Irons by Eddy Current Method. NDT&E International, 43, pp. 360–364.
[14] Khan, S. H., Ali F., Nusair, K. A., Iqbal, M .A., (2008) Pearlite Determination in Plain Carbon Steel by Eddy Current Method. J. Mater. Pro. Tech., 200, pp. 318-318.
[15] Choteborsky R., (2013) Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure, Hardness and Abrasive Wear Resistance of High Chromium Hardfacing. J. Agri. Eng. Res., 29, pp. 23–28.
[16] جواهری، م.؛ عباسی.؛ (1396) ارزیابی ریزساختار و سختی قطعات ریختگی عملیات حرارتی شده با آزمون غیرمخرب جریان گردابی. پژوهش‌نامه ریخته‌گری،  دوره 1، شماره 3، ص. 149-160
[17] Bida, G. V., Nichipuruk, A. P., Tsarkova, T.P., (2001) Magnetic Properties of Steels After Quenching and Tempering I General Carbon Steels. Russ. J. Nondest. Test., 29 37, 3-25.
[18] جواهری، م.؛ عباسی، م.؛ ریاضی، س. م.؛ عشقیان، ر.؛ (1393) اثر دمای تمپر بر پاسخ آزمون غیرمخرب جریان گردابی. سومین کنفرانس بین المللی مواد مهندسی و متالورژی، تهران، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

  • Receive Date 10 June 2018
  • Accept Date 14 June 2018